Tropical Cyclones: Everything You Need to Know
What is a Tropical Cyclone?
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system that originates over warm tropical oceans.
It is characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral.
Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones
- Low atmospheric pressure
- Closed low-level atmospheric circulation
- Strong winds
- Spiral
- Warm-core
- No front attached
Types of Tropical Cyclones
Tropical cyclones are classified according to their wind speed on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale:
- Tropical Depression: Winds below 39 mph
- Tropical Storm: Winds between 39 and 73 mph
- Category 1 Hurricane: Winds between 74 and 95 mph
- Category 2 Hurricane: Winds between 96 and 110 mph
- Category 3 Hurricane: Winds between 111 and 129 mph
- Category 4 Hurricane: Winds between 130 and 156 mph
- Category 5 Hurricane: Winds above 156 mph
Formation of Tropical Cyclones
Tropical cyclones form over warm tropical oceans when:
- Sea surface temperatures are at least 80°F
- There is a pre-existing atmospheric disturbance
- There is low wind shear
- There is sufficient moisture in the atmosphere
Impacts of Tropical Cyclones
Tropical cyclones can have devastating impacts on coastal areas:
- High winds
- Storm surge
- Inland flooding
- Tornadoes
- Coastal erosion
Preparing for Tropical Cyclones
It is important to be prepared for tropical cyclones, especially if you live in a coastal area:
- Make an emergency plan
- Gather an emergency kit
- Stay informed about tropical cyclones
- Evacuate if necessary
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